we were trying to make THz and cross correlate this to the pump laser.

We managed to see THz and an auto-correlation with the pump laser therein. Unfortunately we did not see any THz generation using the FEL.

Problems:

Many. Only one problem was related to the FEL: weirdly, the zeroth order of the monochromator beam was much weaker than the first order, which is worrysome.

Seeding at 9 keV with 800 - 1000uJ intensity

1. alignment of the lower branch of the SDL

2. focussing with CRL2 and check of the beam size using wire scans (slightly more than 10 um)

3. calibration of the EPIX2 position using calibrant LaB6 and optimizing its position

4. measuring scattering of the sample (not a conclusive behaviour yet)

9.752 keV, self-seeding, 700-800 uJ.  Intensity is very stable, ponting is also much stable than usual. very good beam.

Beamtime #3326 - Axion search.

Successfully aligned two Ge crystals to Laue conditions (Rocking curve width ~0.002 deg) . Found Laue reflections after 2 crystals on Jungfrau detector.

We realized that the Xeryon rotation stages used for rotation of stage was wrongly calibrated (1 deg was not 1 deg), which caused some confusion. But we found a workaround solution. Still, we doubt about the repeatability and stability of the stage.

The biggest issue was that we lost the Laue reflection very quickly when we put a full intensity onto the crystal. The beam size is about 500 um FWHM. The Bragg angle at the heated sample fluctuate (does not go toward a single value).

We tested several different x-ray intensities to find the optimum flux where the Bragg condition stays. It seems, if we go to 0.1% transmission, the decay time is about 20 - 30min, which may be good enough for data.

We also discussed on swiching back to SASE. As the fluctuation of the Bragg angle seems to be  < 0.02 deg, which would be covered by  the SASE bandwidth. But, that means the photon energy goes to the second crystal fluctuate, then we lose the Laue reflection from the second crystal - probably going to SASE doesn't solve the  issue. This is the current situation.

We called DOC - Optics hutch attenuation stopped working - solved. Jungfrau2 data cannot be taken by DAQ - we decided not to solve this issue as JF2 is not necessary for this beamtime any more.

stable beam at 9kev (about 1.1 mJ)

checks of the sample environment required for the upcoming user experiment

test data aquisition of SiO2 samples  (data analysis still ongoing)

commissioning of Jungfrau detectors & XTD6_ATT (closed loop operation)

test of operation with two different AGIPD triggers - normal one and an early one (leaving out the first 71 cells of AGIPD)

issues:

spectrometer motor XTAL_RX still not usable

first arm of XTD1_CRL is interlocked and cannot be used

intense data taking on various samples

2 main issues:

- data collection using the optimize macro is too fast for the system and calibration and the data transfer from SDD to HDD is slower than collecting new data

- FSSS axis scannerY gives frequent errors since this night which is stopping the macro - check by morning shift & DOC is required

Staff: DM, CK, KK, JB, SR (SEC), LW (Uppsala university), MM (GU)

X-ray delivery

• 7.8keV, 2.4mj, stable delivery, homogeneos intra train energy most of the time.

Optical laser delivery

• ns laser for particle imaging

Achievements/Observations

• AGIPD BG optimized by opening Q2 & Q4 quadrants a few pixels and adding Pb shield on IRU_SLIT4
• NKB focused optimized
• Data (75 nm Ag cube) and gas BG (no sample) measured with two different gases (N2 and He)

Issues

• AGIPD BG near the center (1-2 pixels) were quite strong even with tight sliting, but issue solved by opening two quadrants (Q2 & Q4) and moving CSS about 1-2 pixels (elog:12731)
• Found additional AGIPD BG in Q2M1 module (mid-Q range), but issue solved by adding Pd shield on IRU_SLIT4 (elog:12734)

Instrument status

• AGIPD HV off.
• AGIPD gate valve closed and pinned.
• Attenuators set to thickest diamond.
• Vacuum valves closed.

To do for next shift

• Check focus and slit position and continue the program (data measurement).

8.2 keV, 750 uJ. 

Short summary

- Optimize the downstream nanofocus CRL to image the sample to our detector (optique Peter) - successful)

- Then we put a upstream nanofocus to focus on our sample location to directly image the x-ray spot. We scan Z to get the beam profile at different Z. - successful

- It appears that we couldn't get the best focus. The upstream CRL should move further toward the sample by a couple of cm. 

- We tried doing the edge scan. Scan tool clash the DAQ and we couldn't run the data. 

- Then, we used Extra-metro to do the edge scan. It was ok, but the observed values are scattered and normalization seems not working properly. Should analyze in more detail. Runs are taken 

- The spatial resolution of our imaging system seems to be about 2 um, most likely limited by the point spread function of the scintillator (mfp of excited electrons).  

- Then we put the Optique Peter further downstream by 2 m to gain magnification and better resolution. It appears that in order to image the sample to the Optique Peter at the end of the hutch, we need to move the downstream CRL toward upstream by about 4 cm. 

Details. 

19 Feb 2023, 23:33 Handover done. Although PAM work was suggested, Toma switch off the laser. So this task is impossible. Also, we do not have a flat-field to align samples. 

19 Feb 2023, 23:34 Put a Siemens Star in (pos. #25). No image is seen on the Optique Peter. We moved FSSS Y and X to find. We moved about 100-200 um. 

19 Feb 2023, 23:41 CRL4-B 'in' position was AXIS21 = 27.4 (different from yesterday). We moved out by moving 

19 Feb 2023, 23:42 Move out the CRL4-B. The beam center of mass is upper part of the slit. Touch M3 pitch via piezo. Siemens star image at the beginnig: Att.1.

19 Feb 2023, 23:52 Move Z of CRL4-B. Initial position: 52.77. Move by 5 mm. Image quality clearly worse. We move 2 mm steps. Each step, we see the difference in contrast.

19 Feb 2023, 23:59 Now, scan with 1 mm steps. The conclusion is that 51.77 +/- 2 mm is the best.

20 Feb 2023, 00:16 Go to the free space. Attenuate the x-ray beam further by x100 (T = 1e-4). Put CRL4-A. 

20 Feb 2023, 00:20 It appears that we did not need to add the attenuator. So, stay as it was: ~1%

20 Feb 2023, 01:30 Finished scanning Z. See ID47. The best spot size seems to be before the TCC even at the maximum Axis_5 position at 105 mm. 

20 Feb 2023, 01:50 We now move the CRL4-B focus to find the smallest spot. The smallest spot is found when we moved ~20 mm in Z. The smallest spot observed corresponds to 2 micron, which is probably our limitation of the imaging system, not necessarily the actual x-ray focus. See ID47 

20 Feb 2023, 02:05 Edge scan. We first put the Ni edge as suggested, but then realized that 25 um Ni at 8.2 keV only absorbs 70% of the x-ray beam (below K-edge). Therefore, we put the edge of the Si substrate of the Siemens stars. But this doesn't give a nice result. Switch to Ni mesh. Better, but the result is not convincing. 

20 Feb 2023, 03:45 Continue focus scan. See ID 47 for details. 

20 Feb 2023, 05:00 Put the Optique Peter at the end of the hutch. Initial distance = 56 cm (Att.1). Current distance 270 cm (~ 480 cm from the exit flange of IC1). 

20 Feb 2023, 05:43 Put extension flight tube 3 m (and remove the 50 cm one). Att. 2. Start pumping IC1.

20 Feb 2023, 06:00 Found Siemens star. But we reached the HW limit of the downstream CRL in order to image the TCC to the Optique Peter. See ID50. 

Staff: JK, CK, KL, AS

X-ray delivery

• 8.4 keV, up to 260 pulses at 1.1MHz, 3.5 mJ

Optical laser delivery

• No laser

Achievements/Observations

• Direct beam path confirmed (MKB_MVP supporting structure issue)
• NKB focus optimized
• Two power slits (MKB_PSLIT and EHU_PSLIT) optimized

Issues

• 7.8 keV is not reachable due to limited motion of undulator gap; 8.4 keV, the used X-ray energy, corresponds to 11mm SA1 undulator gap
• AGIPD chiller issue not solved.

Instrument status

• AGIPD HV off.
• AGIPD's Chiller is off.
• AGIPD gate valve closed and pinned.
• Attenuators set to thickest diamond.

To do for next shift

• If possible, fix AGIPD ciller issue
• If AGIPD will be available, install mirrors for PP laser and continue IHR program

18 Feb 2023, 23:37 Together with the last shift members, we continued shooting laser on Cu 25 um thick wire for another 2 hours. We got excellent quality x-ray imaging with a series of time delay up to several ns (eLog ID 39).  X-ray imaging is now commissioned. The magnification was x7.5.

19 Feb 2023, 01:30 We tried to go to x20, but we couldn't find the x-ray beam. We even put the burn paper in front of the Optique Peter to verify the x-ray position, but still we couldn't see anything on the Optique Peter. Probably the x-ray was too weak. This activity was done with CRL4b "in", so the beam size was big on the Optique Peter. Next step is to remove the CRL3b and do the same exercise.

19 Feb 2023, 03:00 We switch to CRL4a (upsteam of the sample) and aligned.

19 Feb 2023, 03:30 In parallel, PAM work: added 10 mm thick SF57 on the spectral arm. Time = 0 is established for both spatial and spectral arm. See eLog ID 33.

19 Feb 2023, 06:10 Put a mesh 2000 lines and do the focal scan. 1.5 % transmission. Att.1. The focus is around Axis_5 = 95-100 mm.

Ealier shift members managed to get a good quality image on Optique Peter by imaging the sample plane to the Optique Peter with downstream nanofocus (CRL4b). The quality is far superiour compared to the one with upstream nanofocus, which does just a projection of sample (backlight). The decision is to stay with the downstream CRL. They had a few full power shots. The problem of reading Zyla data when rotation = 0 is solved by Olly. He put the script in the shared folder. 

As no laser shots during the night shift, the plan for the night shift was to align as many AWE samples as possible so that we can shot tomorrow morning.

We successfully aligned samples (about 20 samples) which are in A-2 slot. Then, very, very, unfortunately, when we went to the A-1 samples, the top part of FSSS bump the ILM and we could not recover it. We have two choice now for the morning shift; whether we shot currently aligned samples (without checking the laser focal spot and timnig - those are should not be so wrong as it was checked late last evening by the late shift members); or, open IC1 and realign the ILM...

%%%%

18 Feb 2023, 00:33  Aligned the sample A2-E5. The laser comes from the top. What we see here is the 10 um thick Al top layer. The CH (~500 um thick) is below the Al on the screen, which is almost fully transparent for the x-ray beam. Att. 1

18 Feb 2023, 00:56 In order to optimze the rotation of the sample (so that the thickness projetion on the Optique Peter is minimum), we used the Hexapod "w". Unfortunately, this motor value is not saved onto the sample position table. Therefore, all previously saved positions are not valid any more. The current "w" value is -5.300 (att.4). We should not touch this value any more.

Att. 5 is the previously saved sample positions. We will delete many of these positions as those are not valid any more.

18 Feb 2023, 00:58 We aligned the wire to FSI, ILM and Optique Peter. Att. 2 and 3.

18 Feb 2023, 03:56 There was a collision with the ILM, when going to the top row on the target (AWE A2-B1), targets no longer visible on ILM. Wire also shows O(10um) offset on OptPeter. Previously aligned targets will be off.

18 Feb 2023, 04:23 We realign the wire, reproducible with a 20um offset applied in hex_x and hex_y (saved on the target positions)

18 Feb 2023, 04:24 We start a scan of ILM position to try and recover FoV (5 x 5 mm window, 2D scan, 250 um steps). No success; we couldn't find the flatfield. One suggestion is to shoot currently aligned targets blind.

18 Feb 2023, 05:00 Enter the hutch A.12 to connect the Timepix3. Radiation dose search.

18 Feb 2023, 05:20 Carsten optimized the CSLIT.

18 Feb 2023, 06:00 Moto worked on PAM. Found the time = 0  at 'spectral' encoding. Detail is in the corresponding eLog.

22 Mar 2023, 23:30 Handover from late shift

Tasks for the night:

• source point measurement
• Sample alignment
• timing

23 Mar 2023, 00:39 Source point measurement with CRL1#2,6  Att1,2,3 Meansurements taken on YAG and attenuated beam

• source point: -13.9m
• divergence  : 3.38urad

23 Mar 2023, 02:39 birect BS out, specular in (cf. confluence); CRL4b out, 4a in (at rough focus ? (pos~70mm)); OPT ATT = 1.68e-7;
moved the sample upstream along the target surface (along 359.5deg) to see the downstream edge, brougth ILM and flatfield to fine tune downstream edge to TCC, see sharp edge on ILM and half FEL cut on JF (see attachment5), with IC1 light on two edges (front and backside) are destingushable; target saved to slot slot 26

23 Mar 2023, 03:06 moving the sample edge in hight; on the ILM we see it stays in the focal plane but moves sideways consistently with the JF were the beam gets less and less cut; tried to adjust the angle HEX V (should be around the axis along the FSSS frame) but this seems to be too tricky and time consuming because of the missing pivot point close to TCC. for this reason we can only go in small steps to not bump anything and losing the FOV off the ILM; since every sample will slightly different mounted a better approach might be to compensate the lateral shift in the imaging plane of the ILM by moving along this plane (135deg); for 23mm hight travel ~155um shift along 135deg is needed (after that we had to refocus the target edge by ~20um)

23 Mar 2023, 04:05 we decided now to switch to spatial overlap and timing. The FSI seems to be out of focus. Thats why we go back to a pin and center it to the current FEL beam position and ILM and will adjust the FSI if neccessary

• unfortunately nobody corrected the relay imaging path and/or the filter/beam block stage for the ILM !!
• fine tuned the wire alignment - image quality is very bad on FSI. Not really great on the ILM ( I guess we are clipping in the objective and relay lenses  (Att6 and 7). Seeing now the relative sharp image in the pin, it raises the question why the samples on the image (Att5) on the FSI are blurry.
• could not find t0 within a few ps; thus removed CRL4a, changed from JF (detb_x=820) to OP (detb_x=1151.1), 100% FEL transmission and from OCX to RF lock found back t0 in IC1 (~25ps off from yesterday)
• rechecked PAM spatial for all YAGs, with YAG emission on the camera we went to YAG 100um cross and refocus the objective
• went back to optical lock

Achieved

1. Brought the X-ray to the end of the beamline. 
2. Aligned the goneometer with a pin. 
3. Found the timing of AGIPD at the detector distance of about 3.4 m from the sample.
4. Found the timing of Jungfrau detector in burst mode.
5. Measured the X-ray beam size at the sample position with the X-ray eye for two combinations of CRL 2 (e.g., CRL2 3,4,7 : 14 um x 19 um, CRL2 3,7: 28 um x 34 um ).
6. Collected some x-ray scattering data from the thin film HfN on the Sapphire substrate.
7. Bragg peak analysis via Extraform is running with 16 X-ray pulses per train.
8. The HIREX gave the energy bandwidth of the self-seeding spectrum about 0.71 pixels. 

Issues

1. The rotation motor of MID spectrometer is frequently stuck. The ticket number is #151832
2. The data calibration pipeline of AGIPD sometimes goes into an error state. It could be related to the XGM data. The ticket number is #151837
3. XTD1 attenuator controller and the watchdog device didn’t behave correctly and died in a few minutes. After that, it removed the attenuator itself without any notice. It could have damaged anything very seriously. 
4. The optical pump laser has had some issues with hardware failure (piezo mirror) since 11:25 today.  The laser group fixed the issues, but the system requires some time to be stabilized until tomorrow morning. It might need more time based on the measurement result tomorrow morning. 

FXE bring-up, summary of shifts 31.1. and 1.2.:

Beam delivery (11.5 GeV)

• 9.3 keV, 1.5 mJ (31.1.)
• 7.1 keV, 1.7 mJ (1.2.)
• Horizontal beam jitter 200 µm (RMS), a bit more than usual

Tunnel alignment

• Align X-ray trajectory according to "fixed source" protocol with fixed TX of M3 in XTD9
• References saved for two offset configurations
• Beam transport diagnostics data taken to estimate source of jitter

Instrument Alignment Performed

• After WMP, calibrate slits, lenses and attenuators to the beam trajectory
• Check CRL performance after swap to new batch
• Prepare beam focus for next user expt at 9.3 and 7.1 keV
• Re-aligned FXE mono1 after 1st xtal swap

Issues

• Camera FXE_XTD9_MONO-1 BEAMVIEW could not be instantiated: Solved by DOC (suggested restarting the KaraboGUI)
• Issue with heater control on FXE mono: When switching ON in LOCAL mode it will apply max power; need to be in REMOTE first to control power via karabo
• FXE_XTD9_MONO-1/MDL/PITCH could not be instantiated: Solved by DOC (default config was wrong)
• SA1 DAQ PBM: DA01 in unknown state: Solved by DOC (IP misconfig.)

We took the beam from 7 am, 24 h operation in three shifts.

We set up a new scheme for aligning the beam to the HED branch, which gives one X-ray axis downstream of the tunnel even if we operate at different angles of M1 and M2 (i.e. 3 to 2 mrad). This relies on a fixed M3 Tx position and was tested for 2.5 mrad and 3 mrad during the shifts. CRL3 in the HED optics hutch was aligned to the new beam postion, alignment of CRL2 in the XTD6 tunnel is still ongoing.

We tested most X-ray devices in the HED optics hutch and the HED experimental hutch and found them in good shape.

We tested and commissioned first time with the beam a new intensity position monitor at HED that was installed in the winter maintenance period in the HED optics hutch (inhouse design).

There was an issue with the M2 mirror feedback and we asked DOC to help us with that today already as we need to have a stabilised beam for the night when we are planning to do AGIPD and epix flat fileding. Work on that is ongoing.

Start up of HED ongoing for the three shifts

Day shift:

• work on the new X-ray alignment scheme at 2, 2.5 and 3 mrad: test was positive and we can not work with Tx of M3 fixed at 4 mm for all M1 and M2 mirror angles.
• alignment of CRL2 to the new beam axis in XTD6

Late shift:

• test of MDL at 2 , 2.5 and 3 mrad: the beam was brought back with the actual stored positions
• Continuation of commissioning of the new IPM
• PAM, ILM and power slit alignment to new beam axis
• ALAS alignment to the new beam position

Night shift:

• AGIPD tests after ASICS have been replaced and timing scans, flat fielding could not be achieved and has to be done prior to the next user experiment in May using AGIPD
• Test of epix after repair (new Peltier)

Issues:

• calibration pipeline of epix does not work as darks cannot be applied and there is no signal on the background corrected signal
• there has been obviously some miscommunication about the RF window length: HED had requested 150 musec for the weekend and XO had confirmed that on Friday. To do that the timing was shifted earlier by 10 -20 musec on Friday. It sseems that this was no longer the setting for Saturday evening when we needed that for AGIPD test. Not sure where the message got lost.

sucessfull data taking for user samples

beam loss for ~15 min and a small issue with scannerX of the FSSS (could be fixed without support) but otherwise smooth operation

contact with ITDM since the data collection speed could be too high for the transfer speed from SDD to HDD - should be kept under investigation....

X-ray delivery

• 9.3 keV, 1-85 pulses, 1 mJ, stable delivery

Optical laser delivery

• 800 nm, 1-226 pulses, stable delivery
• ns laser for illumination

Achievements/Observations

• Successfull arrival time slope setting
• Pump-probe data collection at IRU with corrected time slope

X-ray delivery

• 9.3 keV, 1-85 pulses, 1 mJ, stable delivery

Optical laser delivery

• 800 nm, 1-226 pulses, stable delivery
• ns laser for illumination

Achievements/Observations

• Successfull arrival time slope setting
• Pump-probe data collection at IRU with corrected time slope

Issues

• No major issues

Shift summary 15.2.2023 (Wednesday)

X-ray delivery

• 9.3 keV, 1-200 pulses, 1.0 mJ, pulse energy fluctuation due to SA3 tunning & special operation mode (SCS)

Optical laser delivery

• No Laser

Achievements/Observations

• LPM and Calorimeter commissioning (efficiency of MKB system and CRL lens stacks checked)
• Recorded Micron Ptychography w/ Zyla Camera
• Install EHC Shimadzu
• Both Shimadzus train synchronised and recording properly to DAQ

Issues

• 10-15% pulse energy fluctuation due to SA3
• Zyla Failure
• Poor scattering efficiency on Zyla

X-ray delivery

• 9.3 keV, 1-120 pulses

Optical laser delivery

• No Optical Laser

Achievements/Observations

• EHC Shimadzu timing and focusing
• Two-Plane Measurements Tested
• SA1, NKB and EHC Shimadzu flatfields recorded
• Coherence measurement with EHC Shimadzu

Issues

• Bassler cameras misbehaving